2010年3月23日 星期二

常用單位換算

馬力換算
1HP=736W(公製馬力) 1HP=746W(英製馬力) 1kW=1.36HP(公製馬力)
長度換算
1m=3.281ft. 1ft.=0.3048m 1m=39.37inch 1inch=0.0254m
壓力換算:
1bar=14.5psi 1psi=0.06895bar 10m=1kg/cm²=0.98bar=14.2psi
流量換算
1m³/hr=16.67LPM
=16.67L/min
=4.403GPM(U.S)
=3.67GPM(lmp.)

口徑與流量範圍表
泵浦口徑inch(mm)
3/4"(20) 1"(25) 1.2"(32) 1.5"(40) 2"(50) 2.5"(65) 3"(80)
標準流量L/min
25 50 80 130 200 300-400 500-630
功率换算表
1千瓦(KW)=1034英制馬力(HP)1.36公制馬力(HP)
1英制馬力=0.746千瓦(KW)
1公制馬力=0.735千瓦(KW)
1千伏安(K.V.A)=千瓦(K.W.)/0.80

馬達轉數計算

馬達轉數 (rpm)=120f/P
f=用電頻率(台灣為60Hz)
P=馬達極數

例:
二級馬達用電頻率60Hz
馬達轉數=(120X60)/2=3600rpm

2010年3月22日 星期一

AFC-705 MONEY SAVING TECHNOLOGY



Clean Engines Save $$
Combustion chamber deposits are rapidly modified and removed during operation with AFC 705 treated fuel. Deposits removal reduces fuel consumption, oil consumption, emissions and maintenance costs.

(上圖)Caterpillar 3408 diesel engine head after 13,788 hours of continuous operation with AFC 705 treated Fuel
(下圖)Caterpillar D348 777 diesel engine head after 13,260 hours of continuous operation with untreated Fuel
INTRODUCTION
AFC-705 is a High Performance, Full Spectrum Additive Package Concentrate.
It combines combustion surface modifiers with lubricity enhancers, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants and dispersants. This unique formulation removes and prevents carbon-based deposits in the combustion chamber, eliminates microbial contamination, clogged filters, and the build up of sludge in fuel storage and delivery systems.
The immediate results of using AFC-705 are:
1. Cleaning and decontaminating the entire fuel system.
2. Lowering fuel consumption by 5 to 10%.
3. Reducing harmful exhaust emission.
4. Engines run better and smoke less.
The AFC-705 surfactant and dispersant components break down and dissolve sludge and organic debris in fuel tanks and filter systems. A very small dosage of AFC-705 decontaminates the entire system, restores fuel quality, and eliminates the need for costly tank cleaning procedures and disposal fees.
The use of AFC provides Optimal Fuel Quality, clean tanks and filter elements.
It reduces operating cost, maintenance and downtime while extending equipment life.
The AFC-705 combustion catalyst promotes the removal of carbon deposits in the combustion chamber. AFC treated fuel burns cleaner, more completely and will prevent the formation of new deposits. New engines stay clean while older engines become clean.
The complete elimination of deposits in the combustion chamber can more than double engine life. There is less wear on the engine parts and oil stays clean much longer. During inspection disassembly, a simple wipe down with a shop cloth shows that engine parts still look brand new. Machining marks and serial numbers are often clearly visible.
AFC-705 is extremely cost effective technology. It is designed to decontaminate the total fuel system, enhance combustion and fuel economy, while reducing harmful emissions, without spending a dime on redesigning engines or retrofitting refineries.
AFC-705 extends the life and performance of all equipment, such as, Engines, Turbines, Boilers, etc. using hydrocarbon based fuels like diesel, gasoline, bio-diesel, HFO, hydraulic oil, turbine and kerosene fuels.

2010年3月21日 星期日

什麼是「汽油添加劑」?

汽油添加劑是一種有機化合物,加入汽油中可減少汽車油路中的積碳現象,保持清淨。

汽油添加劑有什麼功能?

此種添加劑可使進氣系統及油路中的積碳物質從金屬表面脫落,進入引擎燃燒室燒掉,以達到保持進氣系統的乾淨度,並可改善排氣污染,以及防鏽及抗乳化等多種功能,且能提高引擎燃燒性能。

中油公司為什麼要在汽油中使用添加劑?

中油公司本著「品質、服務、貢獻」的經營理念,為進一步配合世界油品使用趨勢,在汽油中使用添加劑,以減少車輛因燃燒而產生的積碳現象,改善引擎的燃燒效率,並可降低車輛廢氣的排放污染,如再配合觸媒轉化器的使用,則汽車排氣污染改善效果更佳。

汽車引擎為什麼積碳?

1.汽油引擎車輛經長時間之行駛,會由於氣候、環境變化、油料、引擎設計及駕駛習慣不同之影響,在引擎化油器或噴射頭及進氣閥等進氣系統產生積碳物質,根據國外之經驗及文獻報告,新車約行駛14,000公里後,這些積碳物質會降低車輛之行駛性能及增加排氣污染物質。
2.配備油料噴射系統之噴油器靠近進氣閥,其工作溫度甚高,易造成油料之局部高溫氧化,致使噴油器積碳。

引擎積碳會產生什麼影響?

1.降低車輛行駛性能。
2.增加排氣污染物質。
3.增加車輛之耗油。
4.冷車啟動不良,惰轉抖動現象。
5.多點式噴射引擎因設計特殊,前述現象更為敏感。

積碳問題如何改善?

在歐美地區為解決上述問題,是在汽油中加入添加劑,但各地區及各油公司所採用的配方、劑量因氣候、環境及引擎設計等因素有所不同。

中油公司有沒有做過實驗?實驗結果如何?

中油公司近年來積極進行實驗室及戶外實車等多方面研究,經測試結果評估出適合國內車輛使用的汽油添加劑配方。使用此種添加劑在短時間內可有效清除車輛的積碳物質,而長期使用可減少車輛之積碳,並維持引擎性能。根據國外及中油公司對同型添加劑之試驗報告,該添加劑平均可降低車輛排放氣中之碳氫化合物(HC)10~15%,一氧化碳(CO)20~35%,氮氧化物(NOx)約5%,並可使車輛的耗油量減少3~6%效果。

中油公司會增加多少成本?會不會因此漲價?

中油公司一年的汽油銷售量如按四百萬公秉計算,僅添加劑的成本約為新台幣一億多元,所需的輸儲設備及人力成本尚不計算在內。中油公司為回饋社會,提昇環境品質,所有增加的成本全部由中油自行吸收,不轉嫁消費者。

客戶如何協助配合?

1.中油公司汽油中已添加適量添加劑,車主除原汽車製造商特別推薦外,可不必再添加具有相同功能之添加劑。
2.汽油中加入添加劑後,對車輛觸媒轉化器及廢氣控制設備的使用,不會造成任何不良影響,請顧客放心。
3.中油公司為追蹤使用狀況及其效果,將在各加油站分發問卷調查表,請各位駕駛人配合,以利本項工作的進行。

--- 轉載自台灣中油全球資訊網:::-石油教室

2010年3月7日 星期日

柴油優化器

從代理這個產品開始的第一天起, 就一直不知道要如何翻譯這個名字, 終於想到一個比較貼切的名稱, 優化器. 它確實有優化的效果, 將大顆粒的分子利用磁電效應切割成小顆粒子.
然後進入燃燒室, 其效果自然提升. 經過濾芯時, 也不會造成堵塞, 在噴嘴處也不容易積碳. 排放的黑煙自然就降低.
新產品的推廣真是一件頭痛的事情, 但也是一值得挑戰的事.
希望也能為地球的環保盡一點心力.

How Algae-X Works

What Algae-X works on: Most of the performance challenges and objectionable pollution from diesel fuel are the result of small clusters of fuel not burning completely. Because of the chemical and physical properties of modern diesel, users experience frequent filter clogging, heavy carbon deposits on internal engine surfaces, clouds of smoke under load, soot deposits near exhaust pipes, and clogged catalytic converters. Diesel particulate pollution is a major health concern.

Diesel fuel does not necessarily have these performance problems when it first leaves the refinery. The tendency toward clustering, performance degradation and pollution even depends on where diesel is produced. Many factors contribute to decline in the final quality of diesel fuel before it is burned in the combustion chamber. They Include:

1. Blending by the refinery of products from different oil fields or products with unstable characteristics.
2. Time in transit from the refinery and in storage.
3. Temperature changes during transit and storage (condensation).
4. Exposure of fuel to the air (through tank vents).
5. Exposure of fuel to high heat (warm climates and from recirculation of unused fuel by engine fuel system.

In contrast, a tank of diesel fuel produced by straight distillation during World War II (1944) was discovered and examined after fifty years of storage and found in perfectly clear, usable condition.

Modern diesel fuel is created from a large percentage of tar-like crude oil substances that tend to cluster together in liquid fuel over time. The good news is the clusters can be broken apart by the magnetic field in the Algae-X unit before the fuel hits the filter and before it is injected into the cylinder.

How Algae-X Works: On a dry winter day, you can rub two balloons together and they will stick from the static electric charge. The tar-like components in diesel have a tendency to attach to each other like charged balloons. However, when they pass through a magnetic field, the charged condition changes, and they repel one another. The clusters get smaller.

A magnetic fuel conditioner exposes a moving stream of fuel to a strong magnetic field that makes clusters small, allowing them to pass through the filter and atomize more finely. Fuel burns more cleanly and efficiently resulting in more miles per gallon and less soot. Magnetic treatment does not add anything to the fuel stream nor does it remove any chemicals from the fuel. Magnetic treatment simply makes fuel particles smaller, thereby increasing fuel efficiency and reducing pollution.

Effectiveness of treatment is a function of many factors, so simply pouring fuel past a magnet is not the same as having a well engineered treatment device in the fuel line. The figure below shows how molecules, which were clustered together, will be repelled after passing through the Algae-X magnetic field. The exhaust stack shows how the smaller fuel droplets injected into the combustion chamber will burn sooner and more efficiently.